![]() A, Axial fused 18-FDG PET/CT three years earlier with no concerning lymph node in the left axilla. Keywords of literature search included “COVID-19,” “coronavirus disease,” “SARS-CoV-19,” “Vaccin*,” and “Vaccination,” “Immunization,” “side effect*,” “adenopath*,” and “Lymphadenopathy.” The details of the PubMed keywords search strategy are presented in appendix A.įorty-six-year-old female with triple negative left breast cancer, disease free for three years. Duplicates, studies reported other adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines rather than adenopathy, and studies without available full text were excluded. Studies on COVID-19 vaccinated individuals (with any type of COVID-19 vaccine with the United States FDA approval) presented with LAP by various imaging modalities such as sonography, mammography, MRI, PET/CT scan, and PET/MRI were included. All types of studies, including original research studies, clinical perspective, case series/reports, editorials, and commentaries were assessed. We searched various online data sources, including Scopus, Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Embase (Elsevier), and Google Scholar from January 1, 2019, to February 28, 2021, and updated on March 25, 2021. Here, we reviewed the imaging findings of cases with the presentation of LAP after COVID-19 vaccination. The notable CT findings are feeding vessel sign, halo sign, and pleural thickening ( 15, 16, 17). Findings on imaging of pediatric patients are relatively similar to adults, particularly in the respiratory system. These characteristics for the gastrointestinal system in COVID-19 patients are enteritis or mesenteric ischemia. Chest images such as CXR and CT illustrate characteristics that display lower lobe and peripheral ground-glass opacities in the lungs. Comprehensive clinical practice and analysis have confirmed that COVID-19 is a heterogeneous multisystem disorder consequently, it can have various imaging features. ![]() It can affect some plans in the screening or follow-up of cancerous patients simultaneously ( 14). Determining whether the adenopathy is benign or malignant has critical importance following detecting it in imaging examinations. Over time, with increasing vaccination rates in the general population, regional adenopathy on the same side of vaccination was frequently reported as an incidental finding in different imaging modalities ( 13). Furthermore, some severe adverse effects were noted in physical exams, including lymphadenopathy (LAP), which was reported in 0.3% and 1.1% of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, respectively ( 10, 11, 12). ![]() ![]() Some of them include local pain at the injection site, fatigue, headache, muscle or joint pain, fever, and chills. In the latest update, the FDA issued EUA for the Janssen vaccine on Febru( 9).ĭespite all the vaccines' benefits and effectiveness, as mentioned previously, mild and negligible side effects have been observed. Vaccination began immediately in the United States, and until March 27, 2021, more than 91 million (27.6%) of the USA population have received one or more doses ( 8). Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna are among the first vaccines approved emergency use authorization (EUA) from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ( 5, 6, 7). Since December 2020, various vaccines with mRNA, vector, and protein subunit mechanisms marketed over time. After implementing various methods to deal with the destructive effects of the virus, efforts to develop an effective vaccine as the final solution accelerated ( 3, 4). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, as of March 27, 2021, more than 125 million people worldwide have been infected, and more than 2.700.000 have died ( 2). Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has faced the world with a considerable challenge affected many other items besides health ( 1). ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |